Different Concentrations Of Oxytetracycline Research Articles

Synergistic effect of oxytetracycline as a combination treatment with Carboplatin on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line

In breast cancer treatment, chemotherapy resistance is a major problem where many receptive tumors rebound and develop resistance. When provided in combination, cancer drugs are most successful, thus reducing the risk of developing resistant cancer cells. However, the evaluation of combination therapies has increased rapidly in recent years. Consequently, by repurposing old treatments, the discovery of additional medicines that may interact synergistically with chemotherapy is considered a current medical aim through discovering a new cancer medication or therapeutic strategy. The purpose of this research is to increase the anti-cancer activity of carboplatin (CP) by increasing the apoptotic effect of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) during in vitro experiments in combination with oxytetracycline. Our results showed a high synergistic effect between oxytetracycline and carboplatin, MCF-7 representative cell treated with carboplatin with/without different concentrations of oxytetracycline (5% and 10% of IC50). Oxytetracycline, which potentiated the action of carboplatin and/or had notable activity was reported as a single agent. This research demonstrated the synergistic relationship between oxytetracycline and carboplatin in viability assays. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that inhibiting treatment strategies can extend carboplatin’s therapeutic window, potentially allowing for cancer therapy.

Response of submerged macrophytes and leaf biofilms to different concentrations of oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine

Oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine were widely used and they entered the environment through various channels such as domestic sewage, medical wastewater and agricultural wastewater, causing significant ecological risk. To determine the effects of different antibiotic concentrations on submerged macrophytes, Vallisneria natans was exposed to solutions containing different concentrations of oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine (0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L、10 mg/L、50 mg/L). After 20-days exposure, we found that 10 mg/L groups had a significant effect on Vallisneria natans. Under high antibiotic concentrations, the growth of Vallisneria natans was inhibited, chloroplasts were deformed, the chlorophyll content was reduced, and antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were increased. There was no significant difference between the control group and groups with low antibiotic concentrations (≤1 mg/L). The N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone concentration tended to increase with increasing antibiotic concentrations. The presence of antibiotics also affected the microbial community structure of biofilms on the submerged macrophytes. For example, the higher the concentration of antibiotics, the higher the proportion of Proteobacteria. These results suggest that high concentrations of oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine can disrupt homeostasis, induce effective Vallisneria natans defense mechanisms and alter biofilms in aquatic ecosystems.

Mite gut microbiome and resistome exhibited species-specific and dose-dependent effect in response to oxytetracycline exposure

The importance of the gut microbiome to host health is well recognized, but the effects of environmental pressures on the gut microbiome of soil fauna are poorly understood. Here, Illumina sequencing and high-throughput qPCR were applied to characterize the gut microbiomes and resistomes of two mites, Nenteria moseri and Chiropturopoda sp. AL5866, exposed to different concentrations of oxytetracycline (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg mg−1). Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the gut microbiomes of both studied mite species, but the relative abundance of them was different between mites. After exposure to oxytetracycline, there was no variation in the gut microbiome and resistome of C. sp. AL5866, whereas the gut microbiome and resistome of N. moseri were altered significantly. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria significantly decreased, and those of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes significantly increased at the high-concentration antibiotic treatments. Excepting the 0.01 μg mg−1 treatment, gut microbial diversity increased with ascending concentrations. A significant resistome enrichment of relative abundance in N. moseri gut microbiome at low-dose antibiotic treatment was noted. These results indicated that the gut microbiome in N. moseri was potentially more sensitive to antibiotics than C. sp. AL5866, which was supported by the greater relative abundance of key tetracycline-resistant genes in the gut microbiome of C. sp. AL5866 compared to N. moseri. Mite gut microbiomes were correlated with their associated resistomes, demonstrating the consistent changes between microbiome and resistome. Thus, this study showed that oxytetracycline amendment resulted in a dose-dependent and species-specific effect on the gut microbiomes and resistomes of two mite species. It will contribute to understanding the relationship between the soil mite gut microbiome and resistome under antibiotic exposure, and extend our knowledge regarding the emergence and transfer of resistomes in soil food webs.

Efficient fabrication of ratiometric fluorescence imprinting sensors based on organic-inorganic composite materials and highly sensitive detection of oxytetracycline in milk

Ratiometric fluorescence imprinting sensors (GQDs/CdTe@MIPs) were successfully constructed by precipitation polymerization method for the recognition and detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) in milk samples. GQDs/CdTe@MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. A satisfying linear relationship under 0–80 μM OTC concentration (R2 = 0.99699) was exhibited. High sensitivity was showed with the limit of detection of 3.5 nM and high recovery ranged from 99.93% to 100.20%. In addition, the selectivity of GQDs/CdTe@MIPs to OTC was well comparing with other antibiotics. With the injection of different concentrations of OTC, the fluorescent color change of GQDs/CdTe@MIPs under the 365 nm UV lamp further verified that GQDs/CdTe@MIPs were used successfully for the visual detection to OTC in milk samples.

Short communication: Volatile profile of matured Tronchón cheese affected by oxytetracycline in raw goat milk

The presence of antibiotics in milk destined for cheese production may affect the biological processes responsible for the formation of volatile compounds, leading to alterations in the characteristic cheese flavor expected by consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of oxytetracycline in goat milk on the volatile profile of ripened cheeses. Traditional mature Tronchón cheeses were manufactured from raw goat milk spiked with different concentrations of oxytetracycline (50, 100, and 200 µg/kg). Cheese made from antibiotic-free goat milk was used as control. We analyzed the residual amounts of the antibiotic and the volatile profile of the experimental cheeses on a fortnightly basis during maturation using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and then solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results suggested that oxytetracycline was widely transferred from milk to cheese: drug concentrations in the cheeses were 3.5 to 4.3 times higher than those in raw milk. Although the residual amounts of oxytetracycline significantly decreased during maturation (88.8 to 96.5%), variable amounts of residues remained in cheese matured for 60 d (<10 to 79 µg/kg). In general, the presence of oxytetracycline in goat milk did not affect the volatile profile of Tronchón cheeses; volatile profile was significantly modified by ripening time. Still, the presence of oxytetracycline residues in cheeses ripened for 60 d could be of great concern for public health.

Morpho-physiological responses by Isochrysis galbana Parke to different concentrations of oxytetracycline

The pollution of aquatic bodies by pharmaceutical compounds is an emerging environmental problem, with little explored consequences. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibiotic used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of microorganisms and it is widely employed in medicine, livestock husbandry and aquaculture. This pharmaceutical compound may cause deleterious effects on non-target aquatic organisms as microalgae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of OTC on growth, pigment content and morpho-physiology of the microalga Isochrysis galbana Parke. The results highlighted that OTC exposure inhibited the growth of I. galbana in cultures treated with OTC 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L after 3 days and in cultures treated with OTC 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/L after 5 days. Effects of OTC on cells ultrastructure and physiology consisted in large cytoplasmic lipid inclusions and in a decrease of photosynthetic pigments amount.

AuNP Tetramer-Based Aptasensor for SERS Sensing of Oxytetracycline

A novel aptasensor was described and employed for ultrasensitive determination of the antibacterial agent oxytetracycline (OTC). This method was based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) tetramers and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Under optimal conditions, in the range of 0.01–250 ng/mL, the concentration of OTC exhibited good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9948) with changed SERS signal intensity. In addition, the applicability of the novel aptasensor was validated by detecting different concentrations of OTC spiked in milk samples. With its satisfactory performances, this aptasensor is perceived to be a promising candidate for determining OTC in food products. This assay could also be extended for the analysis of other targets (pathogens or harmful substances) in food products by using corresponding DNA sequences.

Bioelectrical power generation coupled with high-strength nitrogen removal using a photo-bioelectrochemical fuel cell under oxytetracycline stress

Photo-bioelectrochemical fuel cell shows great potential as an environmental-friendly technology for converting solar energy and bioenergy into electricity with simultaneous wastewater treatment. The present work aims to assess the performance of an algal-bacterial biocathode photo-bioelectrochemical fuel cell (ABPBFC) operated with daily light/dark cycle for simultaneous bioelectrical power generation and high-strength nitrogen removal under oxytetracycline (OTC) stress by adding different concentrations of OTC into the biocathode. The results showed that the power generation of the ABPBFCs was significantly enhanced by the presence of OTC at all levels tested (5–50 mg/L) due to enhanced electron transfer from cathode to oxygen and nitrate mediated by degradation products of OTC, but the enhancement was not proportional to the rise in OTC concentration. The largest maximum power density of 54 mW/m2 was achieved at 5 mg/L OTC during light period and 8.5 mW/m2 was produced at 20 mg/L OTC during dark period, corresponding to a 1.8 and 7.5 fold increases compared to that of the ABPBFC without addition of OTC. The removal of nitrate was obviously accelerated by the addition of OTC with an initial OTC concentration lower than 20 mg/L. Increases in the concentration of OTC added to the biocathode did not result in continuous enhancement in power generation and nitrate removal due to the toxicity of OTC to biocathodic microbial community. Cathodic bioelectrochemical process enhanced photolysis of OTC, which was attributed to its contribution to basification of catholyte. The growth of some dominated genus related to biocathodic electron transfer, nitrogen removal and OTC degradation were stimulated at OTC concentrations less than 20 mg/L but inhibited at 50 mg/L, except for some OTC-resistant bacteria.

Elimination of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ from Chrysamthemum morifolium cv. Ajay Orange by application of oxytetracycline by in vivo and in vitro treatments

Chrysanthemum morifolium is severely affected by a phytoplasma disease which causes significant loss in market quality of the flowers. So far, no real control strategy is available to manage phytoplasma diseases in chrysanthemum. An attempt was made in the present study to obtain phytoplasma free C. morifolium cv. Ajay Orange plants by employing different concentrations of oxytetracycline treatments both in vivo and in vitro. Chrysanthemum plants showing little leaf, virescence and phyllody symptoms infected with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ (16SrII-D) were selected as the source plant. The chrysanthemum cuttings from six months old mother plants were treated with different concentrations of oxytetracycline for in vivo screening with two sets of experiments. In the dip method, the cuttings were dipped in different concentrations of oxytetracycline treatments for 16 hours. The foliar spray method was carried out with different concentrations of oxytetracycline on plants raised from the infected cuttings. In the in vitro method nodal segments maintained on MS medium, were transferred to media with the different concentrations of oxytetracycline. The oxytetracycline concentration of 80 mg/l was found optimal for the foliar spray in in vivo method with phytoplasma elimination of 80%, whereas in the dip method, both 80 and 100 mg/l were found to be optimal for phytoplasma elimination of 80 and 100%, respectively. The results of in vitro oxytetracycline treated plants showed 91.3% elimination at 80 mg/l of oxytetracycline concentration. Phytoplasma absence was confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction analysis in all the treated plants in vivo and in vitro at a monthly interval up to three months. The result of the present study revealed that in vitro method of using oxytetracycline at 80 mg/l was the most efficient in elimination of phytoplasmas from infected C. morifolium plants.

Application of low-frequency sonophoresis and reduction of antibiotics in the aquatic systems.

A major concern in aquaculture is the use of chemical therapeutics, such as antibiotics, because of their impact on the environment as well as on the fish product. As a potential tool for reducing antibiotic use, we tested the application of low-frequency ultrasound as a method for enhancing antibiotic uptake. Rainbow trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to two different concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC), flumequine (FLU) and florfenicol (FLO), administered by bath after the application of ultrasound. After exposure, concentrations of these substances were measured in the liver and blood of treated fish. Results showed that the ultrasound treatment can significantly increase the uptake for all three antibiotics. The uptake of OTC for example, in fish exposed to an OTC concentration of 20mgL-1 after prior treatment with ultrasound, was similar to the OTC concentrations in their liver and blood to fish exposed to 100mgL-1 without sonication. For FLU and FLO, the use of ultrasound caused significant differences of uptake in the liver at high antibiotic concentrations. This suggests that the use of ultrasound as a technique to deliver antibiotics to fish can ultimately reduce the amount of antibiotics discharged into the aquatic environment.

Effects Oxytetracycline on Bacterial Diversity in Livestock Wastewater

Abstract To determine the effect of oxytetracycline on the anaerobic biological treatment of livestock wastewater, we studied the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (determined by K2Cr2O7, CODCr), methane production, and bacterial diversity under the stress of different concentrations of oxytetracycline. Results indicated that the removal of COD and the yield of methane were inhibited by oxytetracycline. With an increase in oxytetracycline concentration, methane production decreased from 392 to 207 mL (the control group was 448 mL) and COD removal efficiency fell from 92% to 84% (the control group was 94%). Results of PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) indicated that, with an increase in oxytetracycline concentration, the richness values of the bacterial community fell from 0.86 to 0.45 (the control group was 1). In addition, oxytetracycline reduced COD removal efficiency, methane production, and bacterial diversity in livestock wastewater. Results p...

Toxic responses of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) larvae exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of oxytetracycline

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is the most commonly used antibiotics for bacterial treatment in crustacean farming in China, and because of their intensive use, the potential harmful effects on aquatic organisms are of great concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the antioxidant system, detoxification progress, and biomolecule damage in Portunus trituberculatus larvae. In this study, larvae that belonged to four zoeal stages were exposed to four different concentrations of OTC (0, 0.3, 3, and 30 μg/L) for 3 days. The results showed that the exposure to OTC significantly suppressed the antioxidant system of, especially, zoea I (Z1) and zoea II (Z2) larvae. OTC inhibited the transcriptional expression of phase I (CYP2 and CYP3) and phase II detoxification genes (GST) in a dose-dependent manner and altered the expressions of their corresponding enzymes, namely, aminopyrine N-demethylase, erythromycin N-demethylase, and glutathione S-transferase. Moreover, 0.3 μg/L OTC activated the transcription of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily B (ABCB) and subfamily G (ABCG) in the Z1 and Z2 larvae, while 3 and 30 μg/L OTC suppressed all of them. Additionally, malondialdehyde content exhibited a dose- and zoea-effect relationship to some extent, but no significant differences were observed in the F values of the Z3 and Z4 larvae, except for the 30 μg/L OTC treatment. Thus, the Z3 and Z4 larvae were less sensitive to OTC exposure than the Z1 and Z2 larvae.

Effects of oxytetracycline on archaeal community, and tetracycline resistance genes in anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and wheat straw

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effects of different concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) on biogas production, archaeal community structure, and the levels of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) were investigated in the anaerobic co-digestion products of pig manure and wheat straw. PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (PCR) were used to detect the archaeal community structure and the levels of four TRGs: tet(M), tet(Q), tet(W), and tet(C). The results showed that anaerobic co-digestion with OTC at concentrations of 60, 100, and 140 mg/kg (dry weight of pig manure) reduced the cumulative biogas production levels by 9.9%, 10.4%, and 14.1%, respectively, compared with that produced by the control, which lacked the antibiotic. The addition of OTC substantially modified the structure of the archaeal community. Two orders were identified by phylogenetic analysis, that is, Pseudomonadales and Methanomicrobiales, and the methanogen present during anaerobic co-digestion with OTC may have been resistant to OTC. The abundances of tet(Q) and tet(W) genes increased as the OTC concentration increased, whereas the abundances of tet(M) and tet(C) genes decreased as the OTC concentration increased.

Adsorption in a Fixed-Bed Column and Stability of the Antibiotic Oxytetracycline Supported on Zn(II)-[2-Methylimidazolate] Frameworks in Aqueous Media.

A metal-organic framework, Zn-[2-methylimidazolate] frameworks (ZIF-8), was used as adsorbent material to remove different concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic in a fixed-bed column. The OTC was studied at concentrations of 10, 25 and 40 mg L-1. At 40 mg L-1, the breakthrough point was reached after approximately 10 minutes, while at 10 and 25 mg L-1 this point was reached in about 30 minutes. The highest removal rate of 60% for the 10 mg L-1 concentration was reached after 200 minutes. The highest adsorption capacity (28.3 mg g-1) was attained for 25 mg L-1 of OTC. After the adsorption process, a band shift was observed in the UV-Vis spectrum of the eluate. Additional studies were carried out to determine the cause of this band shift, involving a mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the supernatant liquid during the process. This investigation revealed that the main route of adsorption consisted of the coordination of OTC with the metallic zinc centers of ZIF-8. The materials were characterized by thermal analysis (TA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) before and after adsorption, confirming the presence of OTC in the ZIF-8 and the latter’s structural stability after the adsorption process.

Effects of Oxytetracycline on Methane Production and the Microbial Communities During Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Manure

The effects of different concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the dynamics of bacterial and archaeal communities during the mesophilic anaerobic digestion (37°C) of cow manure were investigated. Before anaerobic digestion, OTC was added to digesters at concentrations of 20, 50, and 80 mg L−1, respectively. Compared with no-antibiotic control, all methane productions underwent different levels of inhibition at different concentrations of OTC. Changes in the bacterial and archaeal communities were discussed by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results showed that OTC affected the richness and diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities. The bacterial genus Flavobacterium and an uncultured bacterium (JN256083.1) were detected throughout the entire process of anaerobic digestion and seemed to be the functional bacteria. Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani and an uncultured archaeon (FJ230982.1) dominated the archaeal communities during anaerobic digestion. These microorganisms may have high resistance to OTC and may play vital roles in methane production.